Sir, I may be singularperhaps I stand alone here in the opinion, but it is one I have long entertained, that one of the greatest safeguards of liberty is a jealous watchfulness on the part of the people, over the collection and expenditure of the public moneya watchfulness that can only be secured where the money is drawn by taxation directly from the pockets of the people. It laid the interdict against personal servitude, in original compact, not only deeper than all local law, but deeper, also, than all local constitutions. Before his term as a U.S. senator, Hayne had served as a state senator, a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, South Carolina's Speaker of the House, and Attorney General of South Carolina. . Record of the Organization and Proceedings of The Massachusetts Lawmakers Investigate Working Condit State (Colonial) Legislatures>Massachusetts State Legislature. They cherish no deep and fixed regard for it, flowing from a thorough conviction of its absolute and vital necessity to our welfare. . There was an end to all apprehension. Under that system, the legal actionthe application of law to individuals, belonged exclusively to the states. When the gentleman says the Constitution is a compact between the states, he uses language exactly applicable to the old Confederation. . Jackson himself would raise a national toast for 'the Union' later that year. We will not look back to inquire whether our fathers were guiltless in introducing slaves into this country. The purpose of the Constitution was to permit cooperation between states under a shared political standard, but that meant that any growth in a federal government threatened the sovereignty of the states. . It is only regarded as a possible means of good; or on the other hand, as a possible means of evil. The honorable gentleman from Massachusetts while he exonerates me personally from the charge, intimates that there is a party in the country who are looking to disunion. Such interference has never been supposed to be within the power of government; nor has it been, in any way, attempted. It would be equally fatal to the sovereignty and independence of the states. It moves vast bodies, and gives to them one and the same direction. Sir, I should fear the rebuke of no intelligent gentleman of Kentucky, were I to ask whether, if such an ordinance could have been applied to his own state, while it yet was a wilderness, and before Boone had passed the gap of the Alleghany, he does not suppose it would have contributed to the ultimate greatness of that commonwealth? Those who are in favor of consolidation; who are constantly stealing power from the states and adding strength to the federal government; who, assuming an unwarrantable jurisdiction over the states and the people, undertake to regulate the whole industry and capital of the country. You see, to the south, the Constitution was essentially a treaty signed between sovereign states. When, however, the gentleman proceeded to contrast the state of Ohio with Kentucky, to the disadvantage of the latter, I listened to him with regret. TeachingAmericanHistory.org is a project of the Ashbrook Center at Ashland University, 401 College Avenue, Ashland, Ohio 44805 PHONE (419) 289-5411 TOLL FREE (877) 289-5411 EMAIL [emailprotected], The Congress Sends Twelve Amendments to the States, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 7th Debate Part I, National Disfranchisement of Colored People, William Lloyd Garrison to Thomas Shipley. . I wish to see no new powers drawn to the general government; but I confess I rejoice in whatever tends to strengthen the bond that unites us, and encourages the hope that our Union may be perpetual. But his standpoint was purely local and sectional. Are we in that condition still? Since as Vice President and President of the Senate, Calhoun could not take place in the debate, Hayne represented the pro-nullification point-of-view. But his reply was gathered from the choicest arguments and the most decadent thoughts that had long floated through his brain while this crisis was gathering; and bringing these materials together in a lucid and compact shape, he calmly composed and delivered before another crowded and breathless auditory a speech full of burning passages, which will live as long as the American Union, and the grandest effort of his life. webster hayne debate Flashcards | Quizlet Most people of the time supported a small central government and strong state governments, so the federal government was much weaker than you might have expected. Debate on the Constitutionality of the Mexican War, Letters and Journals from the Oregon Trail. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Webster replied to his speech the next day and left not a shred of the charge, baseless as it was. Why was the Hayne-Webster debate important? - eNotes.com 1830's APUSH Flashcards | Quizlet The tendency of all these ideas and sentiments is obviously to bring the Union into discussion, as a mere question of present and temporary expediency; nothing more than a mere matter of profit and loss. The honorable gentleman from Massachusetts [Senator Daniel Webster] has gone out of his way to pass a high eulogium on the state of Ohio. Some of Webster's personal friends had felt nervous over what appeared to them too hasty a period for preparation. The WebsterHayne debate was a debate in the United States between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina that took place on January 1927, 1830 on the topic of protectionist tariffs. Edited and introduced by Jason W. Stevens. I spoke, sir, of the ordinance of 1787, which prohibited slavery, in all future times, northwest of the Ohio,[6] as a measure of great wisdom and foresight; and one which had been attended with highly beneficial and permanent consequences. Let's start by looking at the United States around 1830. . The debates between daniel webster of massachusetts and robert hayne of south carolina gave. Help if you can :) please and ty They undertook to form a general government, which should stand on a new basisnot a confederacy, not a league, not a compact between states, but a Constitution; a popular government, founded in popular election, directly responsible to the people themselves, and divided into branches, with prescribed limits of power, and prescribed duties. And what has been the consequence? Our notion of things is entirely different. Robert Young Hayne, (born Nov. 10, 1791, Colleton District, S.C., U.S.died Sept. 24, 1839, Asheville, N.C.), American lawyer, political leader, and spokesman for the South, best-remembered for his debate with Daniel Webster (1830), in which he set forth a doctrine of nullification. The Webster-Hayne Debate | Overview, Issues & Significance - Study What was the main issue of the Webster-Hayne debate? Crittenden Compromise Plan & Reception | What was the Crittenden Compromise? . But still, throughout American history, several debates have captured the nation's attention in a way that would make even Hollywood jealous. I understand him to maintain, that the ultimate power of judging of the constitutional extent of its own authority, is not lodged exclusively in the general government, or any branch of it; but that, on the contrary, the states may lawfully decide for themselves, and each state for itself, whether, in a given case, the act of the general government transcends its power. The Most Famous Senate Speech January 26, 1830 The debate began simply enough, centering on the seemingly prosaic subjects of tariff and public land policy. Daniel Webster argued against nullification (the idea that states could disobey federal laws) arguing in favor of a strong federal government which would bind the states together under the Constitution. His ideas about federalism and his interpretation of the Constitution as a document uniting the states under one supreme law were highly influential in the eyes of his contemporaries and would influence the rebuilding of the nation after the Civil War. Explore the Webster-Hayne debate. Hayne quotes from Thomas Jefferson to William Branch Giles, December 26, 1825, https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/letter-to-william-branch-giles/?_sft_document_author=thomas-jefferson. The 1830 Webster-Hayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. Though the debate began as a standard policy debate, the significance of Daniel Webster's argument reached far beyond a single policy proposal. Webster's second reply to Hayne, in January 1830, became a famous defense of the federal union: "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable." Just beneath the surface of this debate lay the elements of the developing sectional crisis between North and South. Hayne argued that the sovereign and independent states had created the Union to promote their particular interests. But, the simple expression of this sentiment has led the gentleman, not only into a labored defense of slavery, in the abstract, and on principle, but, also, into a warm accusation against me, as having attacked the system of domestic slavery, now existing in the Southern states. Speech to the U.S. House of Representatives. Webster's articulation of the concept of the Union went on to shape American attitudes about the federal government. I understand him to insist, that if the exigency of the case, in the opinion of any state government, require it, such state government may, by its own sovereign authority, annul an act of the general government, which it deems plainly and palpably unconstitutional. I am a Unionist, and in this sense a national Republican. Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 27, 1830. . Sir, we narrow-minded people of New England do not reason thus. For all this, there was not the slightest foundation, in anything said or intimated by me. Hayne, Robert Young | South Carolina Encyclopedia Hayne launched his confident javelin at the New England States. Battle of Fort Sumter in the Civil War | Who Won the Battle of Fort Sumter? Nullification, Webster maintained, was a political absurdity. The people read Webster's speech and marked him as the champion henceforth against all assaults upon the Constitution. Ham, one of Noahs sons, saw him uncovered, for which Noah cursed him by making Hams son, Canaan, a slave to Ham's brothers. This feeling, always carefully kept alive, and maintained at too intense a heat to admit discrimination or reflection, is a lever of great power in our political machine. . New England, the Union, and the Constitution in its integrity, all were triumphantly vindicated. The Revelation on Celestial Marriage: Trouble Amon Hon. All rights reserved. And who are its enemies? Between January and May 1830, twenty-one of the forty-eight senators delivered a staggering sixty-five speeches on the nature of the Union. Differences between Northern and Southern ideas of good governance, which eventually led to the American Civil War, were beginning to emerge. His speech was indeed a powerful one of its eloquence and personality. Create your account. This is a delicate and sensitive point, in southern feeling; and of late years it has always been touched, and generally with effect, whenever the object has been to unite the whole South against northern men, or northern measures. . . . . Southern ships and Southern sailors were not the instruments of bringing slaves to the shores of America, nor did our merchants reap the profits of that accursed traffic.. He rose, the image of conscious mastery, after the dull preliminary business of the day was dispatched, and with a happy figurative allusion to the tossed mariner, as he called for a reading of the resolution from which the debate had so far drifted, lifted his audience at once to his level. Is it the creature of the state legislatures, or the creature of the people? . . Robert Young Hayne spent more than two decades in elected offices, including mayor of Charleston, member of South Carolina's legislature, attorney general, and then governor of the state. . . The states cannot now make war; they cannot contract alliances; they cannot make, each for itself, separate regulations of commerce; they cannot lay imposts; they cannot coin money. And now, Mr. President, let me run the honorable gentlemans doctrine a little into its practical application. But until they shall alter it, it must stand as their will, and is equally binding on the general government and on the states. It is the servant of four-and-twenty masters, of different wills and different purposes, and yet bound to obey all. The action, the drama, the suspensewho needs the movies? . The debaters were Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. The Webster-Hayne debates began over one issue but quickly switched to another. Understand the 1830 debate's significance through an overview of issues of the Constitution, the Union, and state sovereignty. Congress could only recommendtheir acts were not of binding force, till the states had adopted and sanctioned them. Webster's "Second Reply to Hayne" was generally regarded as "the most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress."[1]. Daniel Webster - Facts, Career & Legacy - HISTORY The senator from Massachusetts, in denouncing what he is pleased to call the Carolina doctrine,[5] has attempted to throw ridicule upon the idea that a state has any constitutional remedy by the exercise of its sovereign authority against a gross, palpable, and deliberate violation of the Constitution. He called it an idle or a ridiculous notion, or something to that effect; and added, that it would make the Union a mere rope of sand. Winners and Losers History's Famous Debates - Medium I understand the gentleman to maintain, that, without revolution, without civil commotion, without rebellion, a remedy for supposed abuse and transgression of the powers of the general government lies in a direct appeal to the interference of the state governments. The following states came from the territory north and west of the Ohio river: Ohio (1803), Indiana (1816), Illinois (1818), Michigan (1837), Wisconsin (1848) and Minnesota (1858). . Be this as it may, Hayne was a ready and copious orator, a highly-educated lawyer, a man of varied accomplishments, shining as a writer, speaker, and counselor, equally qualified to draw up a bill or to advocate it, quick to memories, well fortified by wealth and marriage connections, dignified, never vulgar nor unmindful of the feelings of those with whom he mingled, Hayne moved in an atmosphere where lofty and chivalrous honor was the ruling sentiment. While the debaters argued about slavery, the economy, protection tariffs, and western land, the real implication was the meaning of the United States Constitution. All of these contentious topics were touched upon in Webster and Hayne's nine day long debate. The people of the United States cherish a devotion to the Union, so pure, so ardent, that nothing short of intolerable oppression, can ever tempt them to do anything that may possibly endanger it. What can I say? . Are we yet at the mercy of state discretion, and state construction? . we find the most opposite and irreconcilable opinions between the two parties which I have before described. An error occurred trying to load this video. . The Webster-Hayne Debate between New Hampshire Senator Daniel Webster and South Carolina Senator Robert Young Hayne highlighted the sectional nature of the controversy. MTEL Speech: Notable Debates & Speeches in U.S. History, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858: Summary & Significance, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Significance of Daniel Webster's Argument, MTEL Speech: Principles of Argument & Debate, MTEL Speech: Understanding Persuasive Communication, MTEL Speech: Public Argument in Democratic Societies. Who Won the Webster-Hayne Debate of 1830? - Abbeville Institute . Broadside Advertisement for Runaway Slave, Forcing Slavery Down the Throat of a Free-Soiler, Free & Slave-holding States and Territories. The Destiny of America, Speech at the Dedication o An Address. . Most are forgettable, to put it charitably. So soon as the cessions were obtained, it became necessary to make provision for the government and disposition of the territory . He remained a Southern Unionist through his long public career and a good type of the growing class of statesman devoted to slave interests who loved the Union as it was and doted upon its compromises. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. This means that South Carolina is essentially its own nation, Georgia is its own nation, and so on. Though Webster made an impassioned argument, the political, social, and economic traditions of New England informed his ideas about the threatened nation. 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In contrasting the state of Ohio with Kentucky, for the purpose of pointing out the superiority of the former, and of attributing that superiority to the existence of slavery, in the one state, and its absence in the other, I thought I could discern the very spirit of the Missouri question[1] intruded into this debate, for objects best known to the gentleman himself. Hayne began the debate by speaking out against a proposal by the northern states which suggested that the federal government should stop its surveyance of land west of the Mississippi and shift its focus to selling the land it had already surveyed. . We resolved to make the best of the situation in which Providence had placed us, and to fulfil the high trust which had developed upon us as the owners of slaves, in the only way in which such a trust could be fulfilled, without spreading misery and ruin throughout the land. . If this Constitution, sir, be the creature of state Legislatures, it must be admitted that it has obtained a strange control over the volitions of its creators. . The militia of the state will be called out to sustain the nullifying act. Webster scoffed at the idea of consolidation, labeling it "that perpetual cry, both of terror and delusion." What Hayne and his supporters actually meant to do, Webster claimed, was to resist those means that might strengthen the bonds of common interest. Webster-Hayne Debates, 1830 - Bill of Rights Institute The scene depicted in the painting is Webster concluding his debate with Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. Ostend Manifesto of 1854 Overview & Purpose | What was the Ostend Manifesto? Two leading ideas predominated in this reply, and with respect to either Hayne was not only answered but put to silence. But the feeling is without all adequate cause, and the suspicion which exists wholly groundless. Sir, I cordially respond to that appeal. The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions Add Song of the Spinners from the Lowell Offering. Hayne entered the U.S. Senate in 1823 and soon became prominent as a spokesman for the South and for the . In whatever is within the proper sphere of the constitutional power of this government, we look upon the states as one. He must say to his followers [members of the state militia], defend yourselves with your bayonets; and this is warcivil war. We found that we had to deal with a people whose physical, moral, and intellectual habits and character, totally disqualified them from the enjoyment of the blessings of freedom. The faction of voters in the North were against slavery and feared it spreading into new territory. The United States, under the Constitution and federal government, was a single, unified nation, not a coalition of sovereign states. It is only by a strict adherence to the limitations imposed by the Constitution on the federal government, that this system works well, and can answer the great ends for which it was instituted. They attack nobody, and menace nobody. Can any man believe, sir, that, if twenty-three millions per annum was now levied by direct taxation, or by an apportionment of the same among the states, instead of being raised by an indirect tax, of the severe effect of which few are aware, that the waste and extravagance, the unauthorized imposition of duties, and appropriations of money for unconstitutional objects, would have been tolerated for a single year? Sir, the very chief end, the main design, for which the whole Constitution was framed and adopted, was to establish a government that should not be obliged to act through state agency, or depend on state opinion and state discretion. Finding our lot cast among a people, whom God had manifestly committed to our care, we did not sit down to speculate on abstract questions of theoretical liberty. . [Its leader] would have a knot before him, which he could not untie. But his calm, unperturbed manner reassured them in an instant. . These verses recount the first occurrence of slavery. Then, in January of 1830, a senator from Connecticut introduced a proposal to the Senate stating that the federal government should stop surveying the lands west of the Mississippi River. Who, then, Mr. President, are the true friends of the Union? But to remove all doubt it is expressly declared, by the 10th article of the amendment of the Constitution, that the powers not delegated to the states, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.. When they shall become dissatisfied with this distribution, they can alter it. . Visit the dark and narrow lanes, and obscure recesses, which have been assigned by common consent as the abodes of those outcasts of the worldthe free people of color. You'll laugh, you'll cry, you'll hopefully stay awake until the end of the lesson. The Significance of the Frontier in American Histo South Carolinas Ordinance of Nullification. By means of missionaries and political tracts, the scheme was in a great measure successful. Inflamed and mortified at this repulse, Hayne soon returned to the assault, primed with a two-day speech, which at great length vaunted the patriotism of South Carolina and bitterly attacked New England, dwelling particularly upon her conduct during the late war. Correspondence Between Anthony Butler and Presiden State of the Union Address Part II (1846). We who come here, as agents and representatives of these narrow-minded and selfish men of New England, consider ourselves as bound to regard, with equal eye, the good of the whole, in whatever is within our power of legislation. Representatives of the northern states were concerned by the rapid growth of the nation; just 27 years earlier, the Louisiana Purchase had nearly doubled the size of the nation, and the newly elected President Andrew Jackson was hungry for more territory. . . In all the efforts that have been made by South Carolina to resist the unconstitutional laws which Congress has extended over them, she has kept steadily in view the preservation of the Union, by the only means by which she believes it can be long preserveda firm, manly, and steady resistance against usurpation. There yet remains to be performed, Mr. President, by far the most grave and important duty, which I feel to be devolved on me, by this occasion. Webster pursued his objective through a rhetorical strategy that ignored Benton, the principal opponent of New England sectionalism, and that provoked Hayne into an exposition and defense of what became the South Carolina doctrine of nullification. Certainly, sir, I am, and ever have been of that opinion. Compare And Contrast The Tension Between North And South. Webster denied it and, attempting to draw Hayne into a direct confrontation, disparaged slavery and attacked the constitutional scruples of southern nullifiers and their apparent willingness to calculate the Union's value in monetary terms. Address to the People of the United States, by the What are the main points of difference between Webster and Hayne, especially on the question of the nature of the Union and the Constitution? foote wanted to stop surveying lands until they could sell the ones already looked at . They will also better understand the debate's political context. If I had, sir, the powers of a magician, and could, by a wave of my hand, convert this capital into gold for such a purpose, I would not do it. . Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality: The American Anti-Slavery Society, Declaration of Sent Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery Society, Appeal to the Christian Women of the South, Protest in Illinois Legislature on Slavery. Foote Idea To Limit The Sale Of Public Lands In The West To New Settlers. Consolidation!that perpetual cry, both of terror and delusionconsolidation! They switched from a. the tariff of 1828 to national power . The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of spontaneous speeches presented to the United States Senate by senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina.
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